In the simplest terms a colored filter will pass its own color and block its complementary color. To effectively use B&W filters in the field you need to understand the concept of complementary colors and how it influences the way film records those colors as tones of gray.
The sand, water, clouds and horizon will render about the same low contrast gray tone. Black and White filters are used to separate those colors to improve contrast at the time the image is recorded. To put that into context, just imagine a gray rainy day outside at the beach where the light is very flat no bright highlights and no deep shadows. The only thing that separates those tones is the intensity of light being reflected off the surface of the subject shadows and highlights. In fact black and white film sees all visible colors of light as similar tones of gray. Panchromatic film does not see or record color the way our eyes and brain do. Remove Haze - Block blue, violet, and/or UV light from the scene to improve detail and increase sharpness.
Artistic Creativity - In less than ideal conditions, B&W filters can still produce stunning images.Improve Contrast - create separation between nearby colors that reflect similar gray tones.
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